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}} }} | national_anthem = ''National Anthem of Chile'' | image_map = Chile (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 220px | alt_map = | map_caption = Chile shown in dark green; claimed but unrecognised Antarctic Territory shown in light green. | capital = Santiagoa | latd=33 |latm=26 |latNS=S |longd=70 |longm=40 |longEW=W | largest_city = capital | official_languages = | languages_type = National language | languages = Spanish | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = | demonym = Chilean | government_type = Unitary presidential constitutional republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = | legislature = National Congress | upper_house = Senate | lower_house = Chamber of Deputies | sovereignty_type = Independence | sovereignty_note = from Spain | established_event1 = First Government Junta | established_date1 = 18 September 1810 | established_event2 = Declared | established_date2 = 12 February 1818 | established_event3 = Recognized | established_date3 = 25 April 1844 | established_event4 = | established_date4= 11 September 1980 (amended in 1989 and 2005) | area_rank = 38th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area_km2 = 756,096.3 | area_sq_mi = 291,930.4 | area_footnote = | percent_water = 1.07b | population_estimate = 18,006,407 | population_estimate_rank = 62nd | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_census = 16,341,929 | population_census_year = 2012 | population_density_km2 = 24 | population_density_sq_mi = 61 | population_density_rank = 194th | GDP_PPP = $410.277 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = 42nd | GDP_PPP_year = 2014 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $23,165〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 53rd | GDP_nominal = $264.095 billion〔 | GDP_nominal_rank = 38th | GDP_nominal_year = 2014 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $14,911〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 49th | Gini_year = 2011 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini = 50.3 | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = increase | HDI = 0.822 |HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 41st | currency = Peso | currency_code = CLP | time_zone = | utc_offset = −3 and −5 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | DST_note = | antipodes = | date_format = | drives_on = right | calling_code = +56 | iso3166code = | cctld = .cl | footnote_a = Legislature is based in Valparaíso. | footnote_b = Includes Easter Island and Isla Sala y Gómez; does not include of territory claimed in Antarctica. }} Chile (;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chile )〕 ), officially the Republic of Chile (), is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Background Note: Chile )〕 Spain conquered and colonised Chile in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule in northern and central Chile, but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche that inhabited south-central Chile. After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818, Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic. In the 19th century, Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth, ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) after defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil. This development culminated with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that overthrew Salvador Allende's left-wing government and instituted a 16-year-long right-wing military dictatorship that left more than 3,000 people dead or missing.〔 The regime headed by Augusto Pinochet ended in 1990 after it lost a referendum in 1988 and was succeeded by a centre-left coalition which ruled through four presidencies until 2010. Chile is today one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations.〔 It leads Latin American nations in rankings of human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, state of peace, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. It also ranks high regionally in sustainability of the state, and democratic development. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Union of South American Nations and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. ==Etymology== There are various theories about the origin of the word ''Chile''. According to 17th-century Spanish chronicler Diego de Rosales, the Incas called the valley of the Aconcagua "Chili" by corruption of the name of a Picunche tribal chief ("cacique") called ''Tili'', who ruled the area at the time of the Incan conquest in the 15th century. Another theory points to the similarity of the valley of the Aconcagua with that of the Casma Valley in Peru, where there was a town and valley named ''Chili.''〔 Other theories say Chile may derive its name from a Native American word meaning either "ends of the earth" or "sea gulls"; from the Mapuche word ''chilli,'' which may mean "where the land ends;" or from the Quechua ''chiri'', "cold",〔"CHILE". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11th ed. 1911. ("derived, it is said, from the Quichua chiri, cold, or tchili, snow")〕 or ''tchili'', meaning either "snow"〔 or "the deepest point of the Earth". Another origin attributed to ''chilli'' is the onomatopoeic ''cheele-cheele''—the Mapuche imitation of the warble of a bird locally known as trile.〔〔〕 The Spanish conquistadors heard about this name from the Incas, and the few survivors of Diego de Almagro's first Spanish expedition south from Peru in 1535–36 called themselves the "men of Chilli".〔 Ultimately, Almagro is credited with the universalization of the name ''Chile'', after naming the Mapocho valley as such.〔 The older spelling "Chili" was in use in English until at least 1900 before switching over to "Chile". ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chile」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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